Guided Tissue Regeneration with β-Tricalcium Phosphate and Platelet-rich Plasma for Fracture Repair in Dogs using Internal Fixation

The study was conducted on 19 adult dogs referred for treatment of fracture in diaphyseal region of three long bones, viz, radius-ulna, femur and tibia-fibula. These dogs were divided randomly into three groups viz T1, T2 and T3. In group T1, the diaphyseal fractures of the long bones were immobilized by an internal fixation technique using reconstruction plate or locking compression plate. In group T2, β- tri calcium phosphate granules were incorporated at fracture site after fixation. In group T3, one milliliter of PRP was administered locally at fracture site just before the closing the first suture line. Clinical and radiographic examination were also conducted during the study. There was a significant reduction in mean inflammation score at 7th day in groups T2 and T3 and at 30th day than 0 day in all the groups. At 90th day, the mean radiographic score was highest for group T3 and it was followed by the score in group T2. At day 90th, a radiograph in both the views was not able to delineate the granules from osseous tissue. The mean weight bearing score was also higher in group T3 than in group T2 at 30th, 60th and 90th post operative day showing that restoration of the function was better and earlier in groups T2 and T3 than in group T1

Sister chromatid exchange studies in oral cancer patients.

Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) was studied in PHA-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes from 81 untreated patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and 50 age and sex matched controls. The SCE frequencies were found to be 10.80 +/- 1.38 and 4.15 +/- 1.15 in cancer cases and controls respectively. The SCE values of cancer cases deviate significantly from that of controls. The SCE frequency in patients who were addicted to the single habit of betel with tobacco chewing or bidi/cigarette smoking or combined habits of chewing and smoking was 9.38 +/- 1.28, 12.28 +/- 1.68 and 13.12 +/- 2.13 respectively. The SCE frequency in patients who were habituated to alcohol and tobacco usage was 13.43 +/- 2.16. These values were significantly higher as compared with the SCE values observed in normal controls. Single habit of bidi, cigarette and combined habit of bidi and cigarette smokers had a mean SCE per cell of 12.98 +/- 2.11, 10.18 +/- 1.25 and 13.48 +/- 1.32 respectively, which were significantly higher than the mean value of 4.15 +/- 1.15 found in controls. Higher frequencies of SCE were also observed in individuals who smoked more than 10 bidis or cigarettes per day compared with people who smoked less than 10 bidis or cigarettes per day. Individuals who smoked bidis or cigarettes for more than 10 years also showed an increased frequency of SCE as compared with those who smoked bidis or cigarettes for less than 10 years. Among chewers a significant difference was observed with regard to duration and frequency of chewing when compared to controls. An increase in the mean frequency of SCE for each cancer patient group is directly proportional to the clinical stage of the disease. Interchromosomal distribution of SCE revealed an increased frequency of SCE in almost all the groups of chromosomes in cancer patients when compared to controls.

Neck metastasis from an occult primary--the Kidwai experience.

This study highlights our treatment policy in 26 cases of epidermoid metastatic carcinoma in the neck from a primary deemed occult after exhaustive examination of the Upper Aero-digestive Tract (UADT). Planned Radical Neck Dissection (RND) and post-operative radiotherapy (RT) has been the favoured approach in all neck nodes deemed resectable and a loco-regional control rate of 64% was obtaining using this combined modality approach. Pre-operative RT was utilised in three cases with nodal disease of borderline resectability and loco-regional control was achieved in one case. Three cases of massive neck metastasis initially deemed unrectable became amenable to surgical salvage after Radical RT with concurrently administered chemotherapy. Only one of these remained disease free. Overall loco-regional control rate of 55 per cent could be achieved in 20 evaluable patients followed up for two years--three years (mean 30.5 months). Regional failures were noted in 25 per cent of patients while distant spread occurred in 15 per cent, thus accounting for an overall failure rate of 40 per cent. Manifest primaries were documented in 20 per cent, half of which could be salvaged and successfully controlled.

Frozen sections--a retrospective study.

Two hundred and forty-four (244) specimens were examined by frozen section (FS) from 1987 through 1988 at the Kidwal Memorial Institute of Oncology. Of these, eleven (11) were performed for evaluation of the surgical margin of tumours and fifty four (54) for detection of lymph node metastasis. All these examinations (65) proved to be hundred percent (100%) accurate. The remaining 179 frozen sections were performed for the diagnosis of an unknown pathologic process. Of these, 44.69 percent were precisely diagnosed, in 41.9 percent the pathologic process was correctly but not precisely diagnosed, in 11.17 per cent the diagnosis was deferred and remaining 2.24 percent were incorrectly diagnosed with no harmful consequences to the patients. By eliminating the cases where diagnosis was deferred and combining results of "precise diagnosis" with those of "correct pathologic process", the overall accuracy rate was 98.2 percent. Thus, FS has greater benefit when used for the general diagnosis of an unknown pathologic process rather than for an exact or precise diagnosis.

Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma--a review of three cases.

During a ten year period, only three cases of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma were seen at Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, South India. All were adults; the youngest patient was twenty-six years old and the oldest was seventy five years old. The tumours arose in the soft tissues of the extremities Our findings indicated that tumour size, site and morphology had no bearing on prognosis. With surgery radiotherapy and chemotherapy, two patients survived for four years and nine months respectively and one patient is still on follow up, five months after treatment.

Chromosome analysis in effusions as a diagnostic adjunct to cytology.

Cytogenetic analysis using G-banding techniques for the diagnosis of malignancy in pleural and peritoneal effusions is compared with the results of traditional cytomorphology. The studies indicate that the yield of mitotic cells in malignant effusions is quite high when compared to fluids with no cytological evidence for malignancy. Chromosome criteria for malignancy are of special value in the differential diagnosis of reactive cells versus malignant cells, which pose problems when cytological evaluation alone is considered. Cytogenetic analysis can be performed rapidly and used side by side with conventional cytological procedures to obtain higher sensitivity for cancer diagnosis.